by B.K. Stevens
When I read that Kenneth Branagh is directing and starring in a new movie version of
Murder on the Orient Express, I had mixed feelings. I love just about everything Branagh has done--his
Dead Again
is probably my favorite mystery movie of all time--and seeing him play
Poirot is bound to be fun. But the 1974 movie version of
Murder on the Orient Express
is so delightful that making another one seems unnecessary. It also
seems dangerous: Any new version is sure to be compared to the 1974 one,
almost sure to suffer by comparison.
That
got me thinking about movie remakes, wondering if it's possible to draw
any tentative generalizations about why some work and some don't. I'm
no expert on movies, but it seems to me that some of the best movie
remakes are more than remakes: They're independent movies in their own
right, genuine reinterpretations of an original text, a character, or a
central premise. Other movies (or, in at least one case, television
series) aren't remakes but seem shaped by an earlier movie in a
fundamental way. They may extend some element of the original movie, or
they may challenge it. For lack of a better term, I'll call them
replies.
And
that's my ulterior motive for writing this post. For fear of burying my
lede, I'll tell you right now: If you haven't seen a quiet 2012 movie
called
Liberal Arts, I think you should. Better yet, re-watch Woody Allen's
Manhattan, and then watch Josh Radnor's
Liberal Arts. I think
Liberal Arts is wonderful, and I think it may represent a truly creative way of responding to a classic movie. More about that later.
For
now, back to remakes. We often regard them skeptically, partly because
there are so many of them: Apparently, 2017 will bring us remakes of
everything from
The Mummy to Disney's
Beauty and the Beast (live action this time) to
Death Wish.
"Why," we ask, "can't Hollywood come up with something new, instead of
recycling the same old plots?" Writers have special reasons for feeling
that way. If Kenneth Branagh wants to make a mystery movie, why crank
out yet another version of
Murder on the Orient Express, when he's more than welcome to the screen rights for our stories and novels?
And
we've all seen remakes that disappointed us, irritated us, perhaps left
us sputtering with disbelief and indignation. (Obviously, the opinions
I'm about to express are my own opinions and nothing more. I apologize
if they disappoint you, irritate you, or leave you sputtering.) For
example, I was looking forward to the 2016 remake of
The Magnificent Seven. I enjoyed the 1960 movie and didn't see any reason not to remake it--after all, it's a remake itself, of 1954's
Seven Samurai.
Plus, like just about everyone else, I love Denzel Washington. But the
remake left me cold. The cast is more diverse than the 1960 one, the
acting is fine, the action scenes are well choreographed (and very
long), and some details are educational--who knew pioneer women showed
so much decolletage? Aside from that, though, not much about the 2016
version is new. And, at least to me, characterization seems weak. In the
1960 movie, each of the seven becomes a distinct, memorable character,
often after only a few minutes of screen time. In the remake, as one
after another of the seven fell during the final shootout, I had to keep
asking my husband, "Which one was that?" And I found myself wondering
why the director decided to remake the movie in the first place, since
he didn't seem to have anything new to say.
I wondered the same thing when I saw the 2010 remake of 1984's
The Karate Kid.
(My husband is a fifth-degree black belt, so I have seen every martial
arts movie ever made.) The remake takes place in Beijing rather than Los
Angeles, and the protagonist is five or six years younger. Other than
that, it's almost the same movie. (The director even kept the romantic
subplot, so we're treated to the slightly creepy experience of watching
two twelve-year-olds kiss. Some additional tweaking of the old script
might have been nice.) I'll admit I skipped the remakes of
Arthur and
The Pink Panther.
In each case, I think, the original movie's appeal rests primarily on
one actor's remarkable performance, and I doubted the replacement actor
could equal it; reviews I've read and comments I've heard confirmed my
doubts. I did see the remakes of
The Wicker Man and
The Haunting,
and I wish I hadn't. Remakes that awful feel like insults to the
original movies. In general, I think remakes are unlikely to succeed if
they feel like no more than attempts to reach a younger audience,
promote a promising actor, amp up the special effects, or cash in on a
popular movie's name.
But we've probably all seen remakes we enjoyed, too. I liked the 1995 remake of
Sabrina and the 1978
Heaven Can Wait (a remake of 1941's
Here Comes Mr. Jordan).
With both, it may have helped that I hadn't seen the original movies
first and wasn't tempted to make comparisons--I could simply enjoy the
new versions as clever, well-acted movies. After watching the remakes, I
made a point of watching the original movies and enjoyed those, too. So
maybe that's one thing to be said for remakes: The good ones may
attract some new viewers for classic movies.
And
a pretty good remake my help us more fully appreciate the qualities
that make the original movie excellent. For example, I think 1998's
A Perfect Murder is a respectable remake of 1954's
Dial M for Murder.
It borrows key elements (yes, that's a pun) from the original movie but
doesn't follow it slavishly. For one thing, the newer movie tries to
make the wife a stronger, more independent character--she's highly
educated, she has an important job, and she investigates the murder on
her own and figures out part of the mystery for herself. She can also be
unbelievably gullible, though, and she takes foolish risks that seem
inconsistent with her character. And when we compare
A Perfect Murder with
Dial M for Murder,
we see how much has been lost. The humor and the irony are gone. The
relationships are less complex, and the characters aren't as subtle and
fascinating. (A special note to writers: While preparing to write this
post, I re-watched both movies, and it struck me that the characters and
relationships in
Dial M for Murder are more complex, subtle, and
fascinating partly because Hitchcock allows himself two long stretches
of dialogue we would today disdain as "info dumps." Yes, it's back
story. Yes, the characters are telling and not showing. But it's done
well, the back story is engrossing, and telling is probably the only
concise way of giving the action a depth it would otherwise lack. Maybe
we should reconsider some of the current truisms we all repeat with such
confidence.) My guess is that fifty years from now--a safe prediction,
since I won't be around to have to admit it if I'm wrong--people will
still be watching and enjoying
Dial M for Murder, and
A Perfect Murder
will be, at most, a footnote in books on screen history. It's not a bad
movie, though, and if you've got a couple of hours to spare, you might
give it a try.
Once
in a while, a remake may be even better than the original, or at least
so good that it's debatable. I'd put the 2004 remake of
The Manchurian Candidate
in that category. It follows the general outline of the 1962 movie but
makes fundamental changes in plot, characters, and theme. It's an
interesting movie in its own right, we can see a legitimate reason for
returning to the story and reworking it to comment on contemporary
situations, and some viewers (including me) think the overall production
rises above the impressive original. This time, Denzel Washington found
a remake worthy of his talents.
People can also debate the relative merits of the 1956 and 1978 versions of
Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and some will stick up for a 2007 remake called
The Invasion.
The two remakes aren't simply glitzier versions of the original: Each
makes major changes in plot and characters, and each develops its own
themes. People can debate about the themes, too. Does the 1956 original
comment on Cold War tensions, with the pod people representing either
soulless Communist infiltrators or followers of Joseph McCarthy bent on
suppressing nonconformity? (Each theory has its advocates.) Does the
1978 remake reflect a post-Watergate view of government as riddled with
conspiracies? What do we make of all the references to the Iraq war in
the 2007 version? The two remakes also offer different ways of resolving
a logistical problem the original movie ignores: Once a pod person
takes over a human's mind, what happens to the human's body?
All three of these movies, as you may know, are adaptations of Jack Finney's 1954 science fiction novel,
The Body Snatchers.
So should the two later versions be seen as remakes of the original
movie, or as reinterpretations of Finney's novel? I can't answer that
question--I don't know if the people who made the later movies even read
the novel--but I do think some movies often called remakes might more
aptly be called reinterpretations. For example, there's the 2010
True Grit. Like its 1969 predecessor, the 2010 movie is based on a 1968 Charles Portis novel of the same name. I haven't read
True Grit,
but all the reviews and articles I've seen agree the second movie
follows the novel more closely than the first one with regard to plot,
characters, tone, and other elements. And Joel and Ethan Coen, who
wrote, directed, and produced the 2010 movie, have said they decided to
make it because they were intrigued by the book and particularly by the
voice of its narrator, Mattie. In this case, then, "reinterpretation"
may be more accurate than "remake."
That
may also be the term to use when talking about the many movie versions
of the Sherlock Holmes novels and stories, of other novels and stories,
of plays by Shakespeare and others, of legends such as the story of
Robin Hood, and so on. It's probably helpful to see most of these as
reinterpretations of the original source, more than as remakes of
earlier movies. That's what I hope Branagh's
Murder on the Orient Express
will be--a fresh interpretation of Agatha Christie's novel, not just an
attempt to duplicate the success of the 1974 movie. After all, there
have been several film versions of
Ten Little Indians /
And Then There Were None. When a story's so gripping, it's no wonder many moviemakers want to take a turn at telling it.
Branagh
still faces a daunting challenge, since the 1974 movie was so good.
It's almost like attempting another movie version of
The Godfather or
To Kill a Mockingbird--probably not a smart move. (People are welcome to keep making movie versions of
Pride and Prejudice,
though, until somebody finally gets it right. In my opinion--and again,
it's merely an opinion--the only movie that does Jane Austen justice is
Emma Thompson's
Sense and Sensibility. It still breaks my heart
that Thompson and Branagh got divorced.) Anyway, I wish Kenneth Branagh
well with his reinterpretation. I can't think of anyone more likely to
succeed at the task he's taken on.
And
then there are some movies and television series that can't really be
called either remakes or reinterpretations but still seem linked to
earlier movies, either explicitly or implicitly. I don't know if there's
an official term for them, so I'll just call them replies. For example,
the television series
Fargo isn't a remake, but the movie
version clearly supplies its inspiration. The movie and the series share
a Minnesota setting and similar characters and plots: People who don't
think of themselves as criminals blunder into crime and end up
destroying many lives, including their own; ruthless criminals help
spread the misery; and ordinary, hard-working police officers restore
order, both by bringing the guilty to justice and by providing a
redemptive model of decency and simple family joys. The pattern is the
same, but each season of the series has introduced new characters and
stories. To me, the television series
Fargo provides an
interesting alternative to remakes and sequels. (It doesn't hurt, of
course, that the writing and acting are so consistently excellent.)
Then there's
Liberal Arts.
I don't have proof--I've spent several hours looking around online
but could never find confirmation--but I think Josh Radnor's 2012
Liberal Arts is a reply to Woody Allen's 1979
Manhattan. This has been a pet theory of mine for some time, and I'd love to know what you think. (I'd also love it if you'd give
Liberal Arts
a try--and I'm not saying that only because writer, director, and star
Josh Radnor and I are both Kenyon College alumni, and most of the movie
is filmed on Kenyon's exquisite campus. I've never met Mr. Radnor, and I
don't own stock in the movie. Wish I did.)
Liberal Arts
centers on the attraction between thirty-five-year-old Jesse and
nineteen-year-old Zibby. (Sound familiar?) Jesse's a bookish,
discontented admissions counselor at a New York City college. He goes
back to Kenyon for a favorite professor's retirement dinner and meets
Zibby, a sophomore. They strike up a friendship. The next day, they take
a long walk around campus, talking about books, music, life. After he
returns to New York, they write to each other, and the friendship
deepens. She invites him to come back to campus to visit her. When he
does, she says she wants to have a sexual relationship with him.
I'll
stop the plot summary there, both for fear of spoiling the movie for
you and in hopes of enticing you to see it. Instead, I'll mention a few
similarities and differences between
Liberal Arts and
Manhattan--I assume you've all seen
Manhattan, so I won't worry about spoiling that.
Manhattan is set entirely in--well, Manhattan;
Liberal Arts
balances New York scenes against scenes set in the nearly pastoral
village of Gambier, Ohio. In both movies, the age difference between the
man and the woman is considerable, but
Manhattan's Isaac is
forty-two, and Tracy is seventeen--a significantly larger difference,
especially since Tracy's still in high school and below the legal age of
consent. Isaac's fiercely solipsistic, almost exclusively focused on
his own problems and needs. He cites concern for Tracy's welfare as his
reason for breaking up with her, but is his attraction to another woman
his real motive? When his relationship with the other woman ends, and a
depressed Isaac realizes "Tracy's face" is one of the things that makes
his life worth living, he tries to persuade her to come back to him,
even though she's about to embark on a journey that could enrich her
life.
Jesse, like Isaac, spends time fretting about his needs and
disappointments. But he clearly cares about other people, too, including
Dean, a brilliant but troubled student Jesse meets during his first
trip back to Kenyon. When Dean's life comes to a crisis, Jesse rushes to
the college again to help him through. And when eminently desirable
Zibby invites Jesse into her bed, he responds with sentiments seldom
expressed in movies these days. "I believe in consequences," he says.
"No, you believe in guilt," she counters. "Maybe," he admits. "But guilt
before we act is called morality."
Well, that's probably a spoiler. But it's one of my primary reasons for thinking
Liberal Arts is a reply to
Manhattan.
Both movies are well-written, well-acted, visually stunning,
deliciously witty. Both center on similar situations. But the
protagonist in
Manhattan is ruled by his desires, and the protagonist in
Liberal Arts
can put his desires aside and make careful moral choices--again,
something we seldom encounter in movies these days. Does Josh Radnor see
Liberal Arts as a reply to
Manhattan? Did he ever even
see Woody Allen's movie? I don't know. If he didn't, it's a remarkable
coincidence--the kind of coincidence any good mystery writer rejects as
unbelievable.
When
I was a freshman at Kenyon College, taking a year-long survey course in
the history of British literature, I was often struck by the way the
writers we studied seemed to be carrying on a dialogue with each other, a
dialogue stretching across centuries. Writers alluded to their
predecessors, imitated them, rebelled against them, borrowed from them,
reshaped what they borrowed. It's natural for writers to influence each
other and try to outdo each other. Moviemakers seem to be engaged in a
dialogue with their predecessors, too. At this point, the dialogue often
takes the form of remakes. As time goes on, the dialogue may become
more varied, as writers and directors discover new ways to respond to
movies that inspire or provoke them. In the meantime, we viewers wade
through many remakes, avoiding or enduring the mediocre ones, surprised
by joy when an old favorite gets transformed into a new delight.
Are
there movie remakes or reinterpretations you especially like or
dislike? Are there movies you see as replies to earlier ones? If I've
maligned a movie you love or praised one you despise, please don't
hesitate to say so. People get passionate about movies--that's one thing
that makes talking about them so much fun. And I'm sure we'll all be
nice to each other.
As
others have already noted, three SleuthSayers have been nominated for
the Best Short Story Agatha this year--Barb Goffman, Art Taylor, and me.
Gretchen Archer and Edith Maxwell have been nominated, too. I'm
thrilled and honored to be named along with these fine writers. You can
read all the nominated stories
here.
Allow me to re-introduce you to Joop Bollen (a Dutch foreign national), who somehow was allowed by our own then-Governor Mike Rounds (currently our US Senator) and our current Attorney General Marty Jackley, to privatize EB-5 (cash for green cards, largely used by Chinese investors) and turn it over to himself via his own corporation (SDRC, Inc.). Last April, AG Jackley finally indicted Bollen, for "misappropriating" funds - at the time counted at $1.2 million. Yesterday, Mr. Bollen pleaded guilty to one felony count and got... 2 years probation. ("Authorities" say he paid back most of the money, except for $167,000.) 
